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| Sumber : http://krazyglobe.com/ |
Chemistry, like other sciences, continues to advance both in pure and applied fields. Before delving into its developments, it's essential to define chemistry itself.
Several experts define chemistry as the natural science that specifically studies the changes in matter, encompassing both chemical and physical transformations. These changes in matter can be studied through the energy changes accompanying them.
By : Atep Afia Hidayat
Sumber : http://www.merdeka.com/
It is undeniable that crude oil forms the backbone of the economy for Arab countries. Can Indonesia follow in the footsteps of Middle Eastern nations, making oil and gas (Migas) the primary source of foreign exchange earnings? The answer is challenging, given its limited natural resources. There is a trend of declining value in oil and gas exports, partly due to aging well conditions. Nevertheless, fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. However, it is highly plausible to position palm oil plantations and industries as the main source of foreign exchange earnings.
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| Sources : https://imarcgroup.files.wordpress.com |
If crude oil
is known as "black gold," then palm oil can be aptly termed
"green gold." Palm oil stands as the most important vegetable oil
source, playing a pivotal role in both upstream (plantations) and downstream
(processing or industrial) sectors, thereby enhancing the income of
stakeholders, including farmers and workers.
According to DJIA (2016), palm oil contributes significantly to value addition domestically, job creation, and foreign exchange earnings through exports. Beyond its role as a cooking oil, palm oil also serves as an industrial oil and biodiesel (a renewable fuel source).
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| Sources : https://voi.id/en/memori/149029 |
The history of the palm oil industry in Indonesia traces back to the introduction and commercial cultivation of palm oil seedlings that traveled thousands of kilometers to reach Indonesian shores. This article explores the key figures behind its introduction, initial commercial development, and the integration of palm oil cultivation into Indonesia’s agricultural landscape.
According to various sources, the first palm oil seeds arrived in Indonesia (then the Dutch East Indies) around 1848, brought by the Dutch colonial government from Nigeria. Similarly, Malaysia received its first palm oil seeds in 1875, introduced by the British colonial government through Singapore (MPOC, 2012). Despite Singapore no longer having palm oil plantations today, it stands as the first region to receive African-origin palm oil seeds.
Sources : https://everchem.com.my/
By: Atep Afia Hidayat
The history of palm oil begins in the wild forests, where it was first discovered and utilized by certain people, gradually spreading to society and eventually becoming a significant global trade commodity. The awareness of the importance of palm oil cultivation was triggered and accelerated by the Industrial Revolution, which began in England between 1750 and 1850.
According to Wikipedia (2023), the Industrial Revolution brought massive changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology utilization. It significantly impacted social, economic, and cultural conditions worldwide. Originating in England, the Industrial Revolution spread to Western Europe, North America (the United States and Canada), and Japan.
Is there a connection between the brain and exercise? Absolutely. Brain mapping shows significant differences between the brains of those who regularly exercise and those who rarely or never do. What causes this?
Two crucial substances significantly influence brain function and condition: glucose (blood sugar) and oxygen (O2). A deficit of either can lead to brain dysfunction. Glucose is derived from the digestion of carbohydrates in food, while oxygen enters the body through the nose, is absorbed by the lungs, and circulated by the heart throughout the body, including the brain.
Apakah ada kaitan antara otak dan olahraga? Ya, sangat berkaitan erat. Pemetaan otak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara otak orang yang rutin berolahraga dan yang jarang atau tidak berolahraga. Apa penyebabnya?
Terdapat dua zat utama yang berpengaruh besar terhadap fungsi dan kondisi otak: glukosa (gula darah) dan oksigen (O2). Kekurangan kedua zat ini dapat menyebabkan disfungsi otak. Glukosa berasal dari pencernaan karbohidrat dalam makanan, sedangkan oksigen masuk ke tubuh melalui hidung, diserap oleh paru-paru, dan diedarkan oleh jantung ke seluruh tubuh, termasuk otak.
Sources : https://www.niehs.nih.gov/
By Atep Afia Hidayat
Air pollution can originate from natural or human-made sources. The main sources of air pollution from human activities include industry, transportation, and electricity production. These sectors often are not environmentally friendly and contribute significantly to air pollution.
Indoors, major sources of air pollution include cigarette smoke and cooking activities using fuel, especially solid fuels like wood and charcoal. Additionally, building materials, household appliances, carpets, and insecticides can cause chemical and biological contamination indoors.
Ketika kita berinteraksi dengan dunia nyata, nalar kita bekerja untuk menciptakan persepsi dan penafsiran yang memberikan makna dan kesan. Namun, setiap individu memiliki pandangan yang sangat subjektif terhadap situasi dan orang-orang di sekitarnya. Ini terlihat jelas ketika kita meminta 100 orang untuk menilai seseorang; hasilnya bisa beragam sesuai dengan perspektif masing-masing.
Pengaruh Subyektifitas dalam Persepsi
Persepsi dipengaruhi oleh selera, situasi mental, pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan faktor-faktor sosial lainnya. Meskipun seseorang memiliki pikiran yang jernih, tetap saja penafsiran akan selalu terpengaruh oleh kacamata kepribadian yang digunakan. Setiap individu melihat dunia sosial melalui sudut pandang yang unik.
Kopi adalah minuman yang sangat digemari banyak orang. Secangkir kopi panas bisa membuat hidup lebih bersemangat, mengusir rasa kantuk, dan mengubah suasana hati menjadi lebih baik. Namun, kopi juga memiliki sisi lain yang perlu diperhatikan, terutama jika dikonsumsi secara berlebihan.
Efek Samping Kafein Berlebih
Kafein dalam kopi dapat mempengaruhi berbagai proses metabolisme dalam tubuh. Mengonsumsi kafein dalam jumlah berlebihan dapat menyebabkan:
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| Gambar : https://www.un.org/ |
Perubahan iklim merupakan salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi umat manusia saat ini. Masalah ini timbul dari perilaku manusia yang tidak berkelanjutan, baik secara kolektif maupun individual. Salah satu contoh nyata adalah perubahan iklim yang semakin terasa dampaknya.
Menurut laporan terbaru dari Greenpeace Asia Tenggara, perubahan iklim global merupakan ancaman besar yang semakin mendekat. Penyebab utamanya adalah penggunaan bahan bakar fosil seperti batu bara, minyak bumi, dan gas bumi. Akibatnya, kita menghadapi pemanasan global yang menyebabkan pencairan es di kutub, peningkatan suhu lautan, kekeringan berkepanjangan, banjir besar, penyebaran penyakit, dan fenomena coral bleaching.
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| Gambar : https://justenergy.com/ |
Tak ada pilihan lain, upaya diversifikasi sumberdaya energi harus dilakukan sedini mungkin. Hal tersebut mengingat deposit minyak dan gas (migas) yang makin mendekati titik kritisnya. Berdasarkan laporan dari BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2023, cadangan migas Indonesia diperkirakan hanya cukup untuk 10 hingga 15 tahun ke depan. Sumber daya energi migas memang tidak dapat diperbaharui, sehingga kita harus segera beralih ke sumber energi lain.
Antisipasi Kelangkaan Migas
Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa Indonesia masih memiliki cadangan migas yang cukup banyak. Namun, mengandalkan cadangan yang ada saja tidak cukup. Kita harus mengambil langkah proaktif seperti eksplorasi cadangan baru, kampanye penghematan energi, dan diversifikasi sumber energi.
